In 2025, scientists are closely monitoring the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. La Niña, the “cool” phase of the phenomenon, is expected to return later this year and significantly influence global weather patterns.
What is La Niña?
La Niña occurs when sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean are cooler than average. This oceanic change disrupts atmospheric circulation worldwide, altering winds, rainfall, and storm activity.
Forecasts for 2025
For much of 2025, ENSO has remained in a neutral phase.
From October to December, La Niña conditions are likely to develop.
Experts expect this event to be relatively weak, with milder impacts compared to strong La Niña episodes of the past.
Global Impacts to Expect
Temperatures: A slight cooling effect is expected, though 2025 is still on track to be one of the warmest years on record due to climate change.
Rainfall: Wetter conditions in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and northern Australia.
Drought: Higher risk in parts of the United States, South America, and Africa.
Tropical Cyclones: La Niña may boost Atlantic hurricane activity.
Agriculture: Rainfall shifts could threaten crops and supply chains, with flooding in some regions and drought in others.
Ecosystems: Ocean cooling and stronger upwelling can disrupt marine biodiversity and fisheries.
Why It Matters
The expected 2025 La Niña may be moderate, but even a “weak” event can affect millions worldwide. From agriculture and economies to weather extremes and ecosystems, its global reach is undeniable.
La Niña remains a powerful natural force that reshapes the global climate. While this year’s event is not expected to be extreme, preparedness for floods, droughts, and storms is crucial. Early information, resource management, and community readiness are the keys to minimizing its impacts.
